Dudas Social Security Card

La pagina del social security te da algo de informacion:

https://www.ssa.gov/ssnumber/ss5doc.htm -> escoges tus opciones (adulto, Original card, US Citizen foreign born). Te copio abajo lo que dice para tu caso.

Respondiendo tus preguntas:
1. No tienes que apostillarlos, pero que sean originales. Es decir que tengan un sello o firma en tinta.
2. En el SS siempre hay alguien que habla espaniol pero no se si tendrias que traducir los documentos. Si los quieres traducir (o si vas sin traducirlos y te dicen que vuelvas con los documentos traducidos) en USA lo puede traducir cualquier amigo bilingue y despues certificarlo en un notario, asi no tienes que pagar a un traductor.

En todo caso, si te hicistes ciudadano hace poco, deberia ser obvio que no tienes seguro social y no tendrian que exigirte mucho para demostrar que no has vivido en USA. Me imagino que lleva tu pasaporte extranjero, quizas una carta de trabajo o empadronamiento de donde estas viviendo y con eso deberia ser suficiente para demostrar que pasastes tu vida fuera de USA.

Original Card for a Foreign Born U.S. Citizen Adult
Important

You must present original documents or copies certified by the agency that issued them. We cannot accept photocopies or notarized copies. All documents must be current (not expired). We cannot accept a receipt showing you applied for the document.

What original documents do I need?
Citizenship

We can accept only certain documents as proof of U.S. citizenship. These include:

U.S. passport;
Certificate of Naturalization (N-550/N-570);
Certificate of Citizenship (N-560/N-561);
Certificate of Report of Birth (DS-1350);
Consular Report of Birth Abroad (FS-240, CRBA).
Age

You must present your foreign birth certificate if you have it or can get it within 10 days. If not, we will consider other documents such as your passport or a document issued by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as evidence of your age.

Anyone age 12 or older requesting an original Social Security number must appear in person for an interview. We will ask for evidence to show you do not have a Social Security number. Here are examples of documents you can use to prove a Social Security number was never assigned:

If you lived outside the United States for an extended period, a current or previous passport, school and/or employment records, and any other record that would show long-term residence outside the United States could be used to show you do not have a Social Security number.
If you have lived in the United States and you are applying for an original Social Security number, we may ask you for information about the schools you attended or we may ask you to provide copies of tax records that would show you were never assigned a Social Security number.
Identity

We can accept only certain documents as proof of identity. An acceptable document must be current (not expired) and show your name, identifying information (date of birth or age) and preferably a recent photograph. For example, as proof of identity Social Security must see your:

U.S. driver’s license;
State-issued non-driver identification card; or
U.S. passport.
If you do not have one of these specific documents or you cannot get a replacement for one of them within 10 days, we will ask to see other documents. Any documents submitted, including the following, must be current (not expired) and show your name, identifying information (date of birth or age) and preferably a recent photograph:

Employee identification card;
School identification card;
Health insurance card (not a Medicare card); or
U.S. military identification card.
Note

We may use one document for two purposes. For example, we may use your U.S. passport as proof of both citizenship and identity. However, you must provide at least two separate documents.